5ta Elastom ee ugu Sareeya ee Codsiyada Gasket & Shaabad
Waa maxay elastomers? Eraygu wuxuu ka yimid "elastic" - mid ka mid ah sifooyinka aasaasiga ah ee caagga. Erayada "caag" iyo "elastomer" waxaa loo isticmaalaa si isdhaafsi ah si loogu tilmaamo polymers leh viscoelasticity - oo badanaa loogu yeero "elasticity." Sifooyinka asalka ah ee elastomers waxaa ka mid ah dabacsanaan, dheereyn sare iyo isku-darka adkeysiga iyo qoyaanka (qoynta waa sifo caag ah oo sababa inuu tamarta farsamada u beddelo kuleyl marka la leexiyo). Qalabkan gaarka ah ee sifooyinka ayaa ka dhigaya elastomers agab ku habboon gaskets, shaabad, go'doon, iyo wixii la mid ah.
Sannado badan, wax soo saarka elastomer wuxuu ka soo guuray caag dabiici ah oo ka soo baxay latex geed ilaa kala duwanaansho isku-dhafan oo caag ah oo si heer sare ah loo farsameeyay. Marka la abuurayo kala duwanaanshahan, sifooyinka gaarka ah waxaa lagu gaaraa iyadoo la kaashanayo waxyaabaha lagu daro sida buuxinta ama balaastikada ama iyadoo la kala duwan yahay saamiga nuxurka ee qaab-dhismeedka copolymer. Horumarka wax soo saarka elastomer wuxuu abuuraa fursado badan oo elastomer ah oo la farsamayn karo, la soo saari karo oo laga heli karo suuqa.
Si aad u doorato agabka saxda ah, marka hore waa in qofku uu baaro shuruudaha caadiga ah ee waxqabadka elastomer-ka ee ku jira gasket-ka iyo codsiyada shaabadda. Marka la dooranayo agab wax ku ool ah, injineeradu waxay inta badan tixgelin doonaan arrimo badan. Xaaladaha adeegga sida heerkulka shaqada, xaaladaha deegaanka, taabashada kiimikada, iyo shuruudaha farsamada ama jireed dhammaantood waa in si taxaddar leh loo tixgeliyaa. Iyada oo ku xidhan codsiga, xaaladahan adeegga waxay si weyn u saameyn karaan waxqabadka iyo cimriga gasket-ka ama shaabadda elastomer-ka.
Annagoo maskaxda ku hayna fikradahan, aan eegno shan ka mid ah elastomer-yada ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo codsiyada gasket-ka iyo shaabadda.
1)Buna-N/Nitrile/NBR
Dhammaan ereyada isku midka ah, copolymer-kan caagga ah ee synthetic-ga ah ee acrylonitrile (ACN) iyo butadiene, ama Nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), waa doorasho caan ah oo inta badan la cayimo marka gaaska, saliidda iyo/ama dufanka la helo.
Sifooyinka ugu Muhiimsan:
Heerkulka ugu badan ee u dhexeeya ~ -54°C ilaa 121°C (-65° – 250°F).
Iska caabin aad u wanaagsan oo ku wajahan saliidaha, dareerayaasha iyo shidaalka.
Iska caabin wanaagsan oo xoqidda ah, socodka qabowga, iyo iska caabinta jeexjeexa.
Waxaa la doorbidaa in lagu isticmaalo Nitrogen ama Helium.
Iska caabin la'aanta UV, ozone, iyo cimilada.
Iska caabin la'aan liidata oo ku timaadda ketones iyo hydrocarbons-ka koloriin ku jira.
Inta badan loo isticmaalo xaaladaha soo socda:
Codsiyada Maareynta Shidaalka Hawada Sare iyo Gawaarida
Kharashka Qaraabada:
Hoose ilaa Dhexdhexaad
2) EPDM
Halabuurka EPDM wuxuu ka bilaabmaa isku-darka ethylene iyo propylene. Monomer saddexaad, diene, ayaa lagu daraa si walxaha loogu qasi karo sulfur. Isku-darka la soo saaray waxaa loo yaqaan ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM).
Sifooyinka ugu Muhiimsan:
Heerkulka ugu badan ee u dhexeeya ~ -59°C ilaa 149°C (-75° – 300°F).
Kuleyl aad u fiican, ozone iyo iska caabin cimilo.
Iska caabin wanaagsan oo ku wajahan walxaha cirifka iyo uumiga.
Sifooyin koronto oo heer sare ah.
Iska caabin wanaagsan oo ku timaadda ketones, asiidhyada la qasi jiray ee caadiga ah, iyo alkaline-ka.
Iska caabin la'aan saliidaha, shidaalka, iyo gaaska.
Iska caabin la'aan liidata hydrocarbons-ka aliphatic, dareere halogenated ah, iyo asiidhyada xoogga leh.
Inta badan loo isticmaalo gudaha:
Deegaannada Qabow/Qol Qabow
Nidaamka Qaboojinta Gawaarida iyo Codsiyada Cimilada-ka-saarista
Kharashka Qaraabada:
Hoose - Dhexdhexaad
3) Neoprene
Qoyska neoprene ee cinjirka macmalka ah waxaa soo saara polymerization-ka chloroprene waxaana sidoo kale loo yaqaan polychloroprene ama Chloroprene (CR).
Sifooyinka ugu Muhiimsan:
Heerkulka ugu badan ee u dhexeeya ~ -57°C ilaa 138°C (-70° – 280°F).
Saamaynta aadka u fiican, xoqidda iyo guryaha u adkaysta ololka.
Qalab wanaagsan oo iska caabin ah oo jeexjeexa iyo cadaadiska ah.
Iska caabin biyo oo aad u fiican.
Iska caabin wanaagsan oo ka dhan ah soo-gaadhista dhexdhexaadka ah ee ozone, UV, iyo cimilada iyo sidoo kale saliidaha, dufanka, iyo dareerayaasha khafiifka ah.
Iska caabin la'aan liidata asiidhyada xooggan, dareerayaasha, esters-ka, iyo ketones-ka.
Iska caabin la'aan liidata oo ku jirta koloriin, udgoon, iyo nitro-hydrocarbons.
Inta badan loo isticmaalo gudaha:
Codsiyada Deegaanka Biyaha
Elektaroonig ah
Kharashka Qaraabada:
Hoose
4) Silikoon
Cinjiraha silikoonku waa polysiloxanes vinyl ah oo aad u polymer badan, oo loo yaqaan (VMQ), kuwaas oo si fiican u shaqeeya jawi kulul oo adag. Sababtoo ah nadiifnimadooda, cinjiryada silikoonku waxay si gaar ah ugu habboon yihiin isticmaalka nadaafadda.
Sifooyinka ugu Muhiimsan:
Heerkulka ugu badan wuxuu u dhexeeyaa ~ -100°C ilaa 250°C (-148° – 482°F).
Iska caabin heerkul sare oo aad u fiican.
Iska caabbinta UV, ozone iyo cimilada ugu fiican.
Waxay muujisaa dabacsanaanta ugu fiican ee heerkulka hooseeya ee agabka la taxay.
Sifooyin dielectric oo aad u wanaagsan.
Xoogga oo liita iyo iska caabinta jeexjeexa.
Iska caabin la'aan liidata oo ku timaadda dareerayaasha, saliidaha, iyo asiidhyada xooggan.
Iska caabin liidata oo uumi-baxa.
Inta badan loo isticmaalo gudaha:
Codsiyada Cuntada iyo Cabitaanka
Codsiyada Deegaanka Daawada (Marka laga reebo jeermiska uumiga)
Kharashka Qaraabada:
Dhexdhexaad - Sare
5) Fluoroelastomer/Viton®
Viton® fluoroelastomers waxaa lagu kala saaraa magaca FKM. Fasalkan elastomers waa qoys ka kooban copolymers-ka hexafluoropropylene (HFP) iyo vinylidene fluoride (VDF ama VF2).
Terpolymers-ka tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), vinylidene fluoride (VDF) iyo hexafluoropropylene (HFP) iyo sidoo kale perfluoromethylvinylether (PMVE) oo leh takhasusyo ayaa lagu arkay heerarka sare.
FKM waxaa loo yaqaanaa xalka doorashada marka heerkul sare iyo sidoo kale iska caabin kiimiko loo baahdo.
Sifooyinka ugu Muhiimsan:
Heerkulka ugu badan ee u dhexeeya ~ -30°C ilaa 315°C (-20° – 600°F).
Iska caabbinta heerkulka sare ee ugu fiican.
Iska caabbinta UV, ozone iyo cimilada ugu fiican.
Iska caabin la'aanta ketones-ka, esters-ka miisaanka molecular-ka oo hooseeya.
Iska caabin la'aanta khamriga iyo isku-dhafka ay ku jiraan nitro-ga
Iska caabin liidata heerkulka hooseeya.
Inta badan loo isticmaalo gudaha:
Codsiyada Shaabadeynta Biyaha/SCUBA
Codsiyada Shidaalka Gawaarida oo leh Xoog Badan oo ah Biodiesel
Codsiyada Shaabadda Hawada Sare ee Taageerada Shidaalka, Saliidda, iyo Nidaamyada Haydarooliga
Kharashka Qaraabada:
Sare
Waqtiga boostada: Abriil-15-2020